REPORT OF SCIENCE PRACTICE HEAT EFFECT TO MATTER

REPORT OF SCIENCE PRACTICE
HEAT EFFECT TO MATTER

Lecture : Purwanti Widi H, M.Pd
















The member of group:

Fetik Rahayu 09312241013
Tri Sulis Setyawati 09312241027
Muhammad Izzatul Faqih 09312244025
Endah Dani P 09312244034
Wihdah H. N 09312244050








Science Education Programs, Science and Matematic Faculty
Yogyakarta State University
2010


HEAT EFFECT OF MATTER

I. Objective:
To observe some heat effect to matters.

II. Theory:
Heat is the thermal energy has been transferred to an object or substance, it crease to be heat. (Hewitt,- : 101). Heat is also loosely referred to as thermal energy, although many definitions require this thermal energy to actually be in the process of movement between one body and another to be technically called heat (otherwise, many sources prefer to continue to refer to the static quantity as "thermal energy"). Heat is also known as "Energy". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat)
Energy transfer by heat can occur between objects by radiation, conduction and convection. Temperature is used as a measure of the internal energy or enthalpy, that is the level of elementary motion giving rise to heat transfer. Energy can only be transferred by heat between objects - or areas within an object - with different temperatures (as given by the zero law of thermodynamics).
Heat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler object ("object" in this sense designating a complex collection of particles which is capable of storing energy in many different ways). When an object or fluid is at a different temperature than its surroundings or another object, transfer of thermal energy, also known as heat transfer, or heat exchange, occurs in such a way that the body and the surroundings reach thermal equilibrium; this means that they are at the same temperature. Heat transfer always occurs from a higher-temperature object to a cooler-temperature one as described by the second law of thermodynamics or the Clausius statement. Where there is a temperature difference between objects in proximity, heat transfer between them can never be stopped; it can only be slowed. Heat trasfer is acomplished by three methods: conduction, convection and radiation.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer).

III. Tools and materials:
1. Bunsen burner
2. Erlenmeyer tube
3. Metal stick
4. Plastisin
5. Balloon
6. Water
7. Spiritus burner
8. Ice block
9. Thermometer

IV. Method:
Part A:
1. Put balloon at the mouth of Erlenmeyer tube.
2. See the condition of balloon.
3. Heat Erlenmeyer tube with Bunsen burner.
4. See the condition of balloon after heating.
5. If there is change of balloon condition, switch off the burner.
6. See the condition of balloon.
7. Write the observation result at observation table.
Part B:
1. Put plastisin ball at the end of metal bar.
2. Heat the other end of metal bar.
3. Observe how long the plastisin ball will melt.
4. Write the observation result at observation table.
Part C:
1. Fill Erlenmeyer tube with ice block and add a few of water.
2. Measure the temperature before it heating.
3. Heat Erlenmeyer tube with Bunsen burner.
4. Every 5 minute, write the temperature and stop the heating when all of ice block are melt.
5. Make a graph that shows the relation between time and temperature.

V. Data :

Part A:
Balloon condition
Before heating After heating
Flat rise


Part B:
Time that plastisin need to melt : 2 minutes 13 seconds

Part C:
Time Temperature of water
0 minutes 8° C
5 minutes 24° C
7,2 minutes 39° C (ice is melt)


VI. Discussion
a. Experiment A, the balloon rise

This goal this experiments is to observe some effect heat to matters. The matters which observed are solid, liquid, and gas. Based on literature heat can transfer pass through mediator solid, liquid, and also gas. There are three method heat transfer, such as conduction, convection, and radiation.
This practice include of three parts. Part A observe heat effect to gas with used ballonis heated. The method is put balloon at the mouth of Erlenmeyer tube, see the condition of balloon before is heat, heat Erlenmeyer tube with Bunsen burner, see the condition of balloon after heating, if there is change of balloon condition, switch off the burner and write the observation result at observation table.
The range of practice in part A, ballon condition before is heated is falt. Then ballon condition after it is heated is rise. The Balloon is rise because mover of low air masse from base of tube pass trough the mouth tube and fill the ballon space, so the ballon became expand. It is because the air that exist close with heat source (burner) have lower air mass than that exist in up side area of tube.
Base on the literature, air will flow from the low air mass to the higher air mass area. So, the air flow from base tube than pass trough the mouth of tube and finally loaded the ballon. Heat transfer in this case is called convection. Convection \ is the movement of molecules within fluids (i.e. liquids, gases) and rheids. It cannot take place in solids, since neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion can take place in solids.
Experiment A also explain about changing shape of matter caused bu heat. That is envaporation. Evaporation is a changing shape of matter from liquid shape to gass.
b. Experiment B, melting the plastisin
Experiment B will explain anout heat transfer pass trough the solid matter. It used metal stick that the tip is patched with plastisin and than it heated. The steps of this experiment is, put plastisin ball at the end of metal stick, heat the other end of metal stick, observe how long the plastisin ball will melt, write the observation result at observation table.
The conditions of plastisin before heated is solid enough and the result of this experriment show that the palstisin that patch in metal stick became melting after and during heating. This phenomebom show about heat transfer called conduction. Conductionis the transfer of thermal energy between regions of matter due to a temperature gradient.
The experimental results section B, on the ends iron rod attached ball early play plastisin solid condition. After a heated tip that is not attached to the clay, the heat flow through the rod of iron until it reaches the ball clay. As a result, modeling clay into heat and begin to melt. The process that occurs is conduction. This conduction process at the atomic level, atoms in the hot region has an average kinetic energy is greater than the cold regions. The atoms in the hot areas hit the nearest atom, provides some energy. Nearest atom again hit other nearby atoms, and so on as long material. The atoms themselves do not move from its territory but move so that the heat energy at the end of metal rods that one can gradually flow to the end that there is clay. Therefore, the metal rod that is heated, the temperature difference between the two ends of the rod.

As a result, there is heat flow to the shaft. In this experiment is known that the time needed for plastisin to melt on the metal rod is 2 minutes 13 seconds. The things that affect the time it takes for dough to melt them are hot fire intensity, and length of metal rod and stem cross-sectional area used. To investigate the effect of heat on liquids carried in section C. The way it works is Erlenmeyer tube fills with ice block and add A Few of water, measure the temperature before heating it, heat with the Bunsen burner tube Erlenmeyer, every fifth minute, write the temperature and the heating Please stop all-acre block of ice melt.
c. Experimental C


The experimental results section C before heating, the temperature of ice is mixed with a little water at first is 8 ° C, after heating is started, the temperature gradually increases. In the 5th minute and the mixture of ice water temperature is 24 ° C and then to the point where all the ice inside the tube to melt at a temperature of 39 ° C which takes 7.2 minutes. First ice is ice melt near a heat source (bottom of the tube). This is due to the convection and also convection process.
Conduction process happened between fire and solid material, erlemeyer tube. The other side, convection process is happen in the heating mixing of water and ice block. Existing the heat can be known from increasing the temperature that showed by thermometer. From the experiments, we know changing matter because of heat, that is melting ice block. The ice block will be quicker melting if added heat in it.

VII. Conclusions
Heat transfer process that occurs in solids is a process of conduction. In a heated metal rod, temperature difference between the two ends of the rod. As a result, there is heat flow to the shaft. In this experiment is known that the time needed for dough to melt on the metal rod is 2 minutes 13 seconds. The things that affect the time it takes for dough to melt, among others, the intense heat of fire, type of metal used, and the long metal rod and stem cross-sectional area used. In the fluid (liquid and gas) heat transfer process that occurs is convection. In the experiment part A, after the heater ignited the balloon inflates. Experiment C shows the flow of molecules that occur during the process of convection in the liquid. The longer the time used in heating, then the body temperature will increase.

VI. Question
1. What is the influence of heat if a solid fact based on practice?
Heat transfer process that occurs in solids is a process of conduction. Evidence, on the metal rod that is heated, the temperature difference between the two ends of the rod. As a result, there is heat flow to the shaft. In this experiment is known that the time needed for dough to melt on the metal rod is 2 minutes 13 seconds.
2. What is the fact if the heat influence on liquid-based practice?
In Part C shows the flow of molecules that occur during the process of convection in the liquid. The longer the time used in heating, then the body temperature will increase.
3. What is the fact if the gas based heat influence on practice?
In practice part A, the change balloon is heated flat condition before and after the Bunsen burner is lit balloon condition is rise.

VIII. References
Hewitt, Paul G etc.-. Conceptual Integrated Science.-.: Pearson adddision wesley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer