Quality Assurance

Education Quality AssurancePreliminaryQuality education is the desire and hope of every person or institution. Community and parents expect that their children receive a quality education to compete in acquiring a variety of opportunities in life. Expecting the government to each institution's educational quality, because with a quality education can produce quality human resources who will contribute to the success of development. Users of graduates, such as business and industry, also expects a quality education so that the workforce or human resource recruited by a truly productive.An assessment of the feasibility and performance are conducted continuously in order to make continuous improvements and increased school quality can not be released to do with management, particularly quality management school. In this quality management of all management functions performed by managers in school education is directed to give satisfaction to its customers, both internal customers are teachers and educational staff and administrative personnel, external customers primer is students, the secondary is the government, parents or community finance education, and tertiary customers or users of the institution graduates. All this implemented for the education provider can provide assurance to the convening of customers that education is quality education.The concept of Quality Assurance of EducationQuality Guarantee quality mean concept of quality or quality can be reviewed from two perspectives concepts. The first concept of quality is absolute or absolute and the second concept is a concept that is relative (Sallis, 1993).In absolute terms the concept of quality shows to the properties that describe the degree of "good" goods or services produced or supplied by a particular institution. As opposed to the absolute concept is the concept of quality is relative. On the concept of absolute degrees of good quality products, goods or services, reflecting the high price of the goods or services, and the high standard or high ratings agencies that produce or supplier of goods. While the concept of quality is relative, it depends on the degree quality assessment of the customer or the goods or services that utilize it. The view of the absolute quality of this implies that in producing goods or services used criteria for assessing the quality and the criteria specified by the manufacturer or supplier of goods. On the basis of the criteria that determine the quality producer of goods or services produced. Therefore, in production management, so that the resulting product quality at the institution there is usually a function of quality control (quality control), which is a division, a field or staff assigned to conduct the assessment (judgment) on the basis of certain criteria for goods produced before they are marketed, does not include the category of quality, or high-grade (Tjiptono and Diana, 1996). In production management, perform quality control after the goods have been produced often result in losses. Losses may be caused by a number of products that failed (not qualified). Therefore, the quality movement to think about the production process that can ensure the goods are produced that meet the specified criteria. The concept of the absolute quality of today has changed. Changes that can be identified from the orientation, ie, which was originally oriented manufacturers shifted to the customer.Quality of a product not solely determined by the manufacturer but is also determined by the customer's customer involvement in determining the quality of a product, both goods and services is by way of producers considering the expectations and needs of customers to the products produced, whether satisfactory or meets their needs ( Rinehart, 1993). Quality of a product is a blend of the properties of products that match or exceed the needs and expectations of customers, whether express or implied (Tjiptono and Diana, 1996; and Sallis, 1993). In more detail Tenner and De Toro (1992) defines quality as follows: "Quality: A Strategy That provides basic business services and completely satisfy That Both internal and external customers by meeting Their explicit expectation" (page 31). Based on this concept in producing goods or services of manufacturers make standard or standard criteria based on the assessment of customer expectations of the state or condition of products, both goods and services produced. The implications of the use of this concept in the practice of management is, that in order to produce goods or services, considerations, aspirations, and desires must be taken into account and be the focus of attention. In addition, all factors associated with the production process must be managed in such a way as to ensure the products meet or exceed customer expectations and desires.On this basis, the management of production there is an assurance mechanisms so that the resulting product quality with the smallest possible failure. Assurance is concerned with the process, human resources and materials, including tool use, known as quality assurance (quality assurance). Quality assurance is not only implemented when it is finished manufactured goods, but starting from the material (raw inputs), processes and tools used, to the resulting product. The application of quality management approaches no longer needed after the quality control of products produced, but all the resources and factor associated with the production process is managed to guarantee the production of quality products. Such quality management system known as quality assurance. The main purpose of the quality management system is to prevent or minimize the occurrence of errors in the production process by means see to it that every step is carried out during the production process overseen from the beginning of the production process. If an error occurs in the production process was immediately carried out repairs so that the greater losses could be avoided. Implementation of quality management such as this has a value of excellence, namely the existence of labor standards and products that are set in advance as well as the efforts to closely supervise the production. Although in the short run to start the implementation of quality management systems such as these are relatively expensive, because they have available a variety of resources especially human resources will be reliable, but in the long run this system is very advantageous, because it could have averted the waste caused by errors in the production process.Thus the resulting product quality is assured, in a sense could meet or even exceed customer expectations. In the perspective of quality management, controlling the quality of a product once produced can face the risk of a number of products that do not correspond to the expected standards. This means that the production process more expensive. In the field of education even this logic can be applied. Therefore, we need a quality management efforts in the form of guarantee or assurance that all aspects related to educational services provided by the school reaches a certain quality standard so that the output produced in line with expectations. Concepts related to this in quality management known as the Quality Assurance (QA) or Quality Assurance. In quality assurance there are steps that are related to each other. Quality assurance process consists of seven steps of setting standards, testing / auditing of the system of ongoing education, inference about whether there is a gap between existing systems with established standards. If there is a gap then it will be the identification of steps in an effort to meet the standards set, followed by developing repair system and combines ongoing improvements to the system. But if there are no gaps will be reviewing compliance with the standards in a sustainable system. Moreover, in an effort to give satisfaction it required a certain standard as a benchmark or ceiling, and the services provided should match or exceed that ceiling. Thus, all management functions are directed to the maximum extent possible all services provided meet or exceed customer expectations as reflected in the standards.Educational Institutions as Industrial Services Practice of education can dianalogkan with industrial production processes, especially industri services. Educational institution (school or college) may be viewed as an institution that produces or sells services (service) to its customers. Education customers include customers' internal and external customers. Internal customers are teachers or teachers and education personnel and administrative staff, while external customers into customers sorted out primary, secondary and tertiary. External customers are the students of primary schools, secondary customers are the government, parents or community financing of education, and customers are educational institutions at tertiary level graduates next or users. By adhering to this concept of the quality of an educational institution is determined by the extent to which the customer-both internal and external customers that were satisfied with the services provided by the educational institution. This means that school quality is the implementation of school education or services they provide meet or exceed expectations and satisfaction of its customers. Whether an educational institution can provide the appropriate services or exceed customer expectations and satisfaction is a key question in assessing the quality of this is necessary for the assessment criteria in each dimension of quality, such as learning outcomes, learning, learning materials, and management. Dimension learning outcomes can be viewed as output or output dimensions, while dimensions of management and learning can be viewed as a dimension of the process, while the material dimension of learning is an input or inputs. All this should be the focus in the assessment of the quality of an educational institution. The existence of the quality of an educational institution is a blend of qualities of services provided that equal or exceed customer expectations and satisfaction, either express or implied. To strive for the services provided to its customers that gives pass the various types of services and customers each need to be sorted out. As explained above customer categories education institutions into two types, namely internal customers and external customers. This means the agency must provide services to the parties that is in or becomes part of the system of education at the institution (internal customers), the teachers and employees, and the parties are not part of the education system (the customer external), namely students, parents, government and public funders, and users graduates. Thus, quality educational institutions are institutions that can provide services that meet or exceed the expectations of teachers, staff, students, funders (parents, community and government), and users graduates. By sifting through the various types of customers can be identified based on customer service.